rajatarangini was translated into persian by
[5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. Son of Partha. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. This quarterly has been published regularly since His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. In this backdrop, the Malayalam translation called There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. Died young. Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. He erected a monument at. For example, Kalhana has highly exaggerated the military conquests of Lalitaditya Muktapida.[18][19]. Rjatarangi (Rjataragi "The River of Kings") is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE.[1]. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. Answer. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. Hiranya died childless. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. In the legacy of Sanskrit, Kashmir and Kerala can be said to have a unique fellowship of literary creativity, with icons like Bilhana and Somadeva in Kashmir and Shankara and Narayana Bhattathiri in Kerala. 1 Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. Verse 14. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. He established a university in Naushehra and a Darul Tarjuma. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. Uninvolved personally in the maelstrom of contemporary politics, he nevertheless was profoundly affected by it and stated the following to be his ideal: That noble-minded poet alone merits praise whose word, like the sentence of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in recording the past. Verse 12. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". How much stuff can you bring on deployment? [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Daulat Khan Lodi, Rana Sangam Singh, Zahiruddin Mohammad, Turkish and more. Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. Son of Durlabhavardhana and Anangalekha. Book II introduces a new line of kings not mentioned in any other authentic source, starting with Pratapaditya I and ending with Aryaraja. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). (I.191) He belonged to. Because of the rising Buddhist influence, people stopped following the Shaivite, Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. From the regulation of commodities to the reviving of old crafts, Abidin did everything for overall development of Kashmir and his subjects. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs After ruling indirectly and directly. The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. Rajatarangini . The translation of the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian was its most outstanding achievement. Despite these stated principles, Kalhana's work is also full of legends and inconsistencies (see Historical reliability below). Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Nevertheless, multiple scholars identify Kalhana's Ashoka with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. He called back the Hindus who had left Kashmir during his father reign and allowed building of temples. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. Son of Vajraditya II and Massa. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. Kalhana says that Samdhimat Aryaraja used to spend the most delightful Kashmir summer in worshiping a lingam formed of snow/ice in the regions above the forests (II.138). [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. After that, the English translation. His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. Duke University Press publishes approximately one hundred books per year and [20][18][19] Economic condition was decent. Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. Arthashastra , one of the first in the history of Malayalam literature. He brought back the Brahmans who had fled from Kashmir following the treachery of Mirza. university presses. Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The work generally records the heritage of Kashmir, but 120 verses of Rjatarangi describe the misrule prevailing in Kashmir during the reign of King Kalash, son of King Ananta Deva of Kashmir. However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. Among original compositions in Persian, historical literature easily occupied the first place. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. In recent years, it has developed its strongest reputation Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara. Copyright 2023, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Regarding the events of the past, Kalhanas search for material was truly fastidious. epic poem Barring a successful invasion of Ladakh, Sikandar did not annex any new territory. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. He was known for his religious tolerance. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. The author of the Rajatarangini history chronicles the rulers of the valley from earliest times, from the epic period of the Mahbhrata to the reign of Sangrama Deva (c.1006 CE), before the Muslim era. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. Son of Hiranyakula. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. Since the battle was motive-less for the Delhi Sultanate peace concluded between them on a condition that all the territories from Sirhind to Kashmir belong to the Shah Mir empire. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. We have migrated to a new commenting platform. Prominent among them were Kota Bhat and Udyashri. Ramcharitmanas , accomplished it in 1969. Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. May 29, 2021 04:35 pm | Updated July 06, 2022 12:26 pm IST. Devout Shaivite. (Stay up to date on new book releases, reviews, and more with The Hindu On Books newsletter. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. [6], Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. His family ruled for many generations. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. The Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini was translated into Persian. Verse 13. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. After the Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king (V.469). Sikander Lodi was succeeded on the throne in 1489. Skipping over "lost kings" we come to Lava of an unknown family. . field of Asian Studies. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. There too, legend is mixed with reality, and Toramana Huna is incorporated into the line of Meghavahana. If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian. Another television serial based on this work has been completed by National Award winning director, Jyoti Sarup. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. Request Permissions. From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). hasContentIssue true, Copyright The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911810002998, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. Hence the correct answer is Option B. [14], Shah Mir worked to establish Islam in Kashmir and was aided by his descendant rulers, specially Sikandar Butshikan. He was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II in the year 1830 as he had gone to England as an envoy of the emperor. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Neither in style nor in authenticity do these works approximate the quality of Kalhanas Rajatarangini. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. He subdued several enemies. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered.